Maritime
Published on
April 9, 2025

Green Steel and Vessel LCA: Why Data-Backed Decisions Matter in Shipbuilding

Green steel is gaining momentum in shipbuilding, but how do we know if it really delivers on its climate promise? A Vessel LCA makes it possible to measure and compare the true impact of alternative materials.

Context

As decarbonization accelerates across maritime, shipbuilders and owners are exploring new materials to reduce their climate footprint and green steel has quickly emerged as one of the most talked-about solutions.

Unlike traditional steel, green steel is produced using low-carbon processes, such as hydrogen-based direct reduction or electric arc furnaces powered by renewable energy. But switching materials at scale is a significant investment. To make informed decisions, the industry needs more than marketing — it needs data.

That’s where Vessel LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) comes in. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) quantifies the environmental impact of a product or system across its entire lifespan, from raw materials to disposal.

Why Green Steel Needs LCA Validation

Green steel promises lower embodied emissions, but the actual climate impact depends on:

  • Where and how it’s produced
  • Transportation to the shipyard
  • How much of the vessel structure it replaces
  • Its recyclability and strength properties

A Vessel LCA makes it possible to answer questions like:

  • How much CO₂ is avoided by using green steel?
  • Does green steel reduce total vessel emissions or just shift them upstream?
  • What is the break-even point when considering cost vs. climate benefit?

Without an LCA, these decisions are based on assumptions. With it, they're based on measurable impact.

Green Steel Use Cases in Shipbuilding

  • Hull construction: Assess CO₂ savings when replacing conventional steel with green alternatives
  • Retrofits: Quantify the benefit of using recycled or lower-carbon steel for structural reinforcements
  • Fleet comparisons: Evaluate how different material strategies perform over time, especially as operational fuels become cleaner

When to Use LCA in Your Design Process

You don’t have to wait until a ship is built to run an LCA. In fact, the earlier it’s done, the more value it brings.

Use a Vessel LCA to:

  • Model design trade-offs early in the development process
  • Support sustainability goals in procurement decisions
  • Document climate impact for regulatory compliance or ESG reporting
  • Support green financing or preferential treatment in public tenders

ReFlow’s Approach to Green Steel and Vessel LCA

At ReFlow, we help naval arichitects, equipment suppliers, and ship owners assess the carbon impact of their material choices with:

  • Modular Vessel LCA tools that adapt to real designs
  • Verified emissions data on conventional vs. green steel
  • Comparative scenario modeling (e.g., “What if we used X% green steel?”)
  • Exportable documentation to support claims and compliance

Our goal is to empower more confident decisions backed by data, not assumptions.

Looking to validate your use of green steel in vessel design?
Let’s talk about how we can support smarter material decisions through lifecycle modeling and science-based carbon data.

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ReFlow was founded to transform environmental performance with data-driven lifecycle analysis, empowering sustainable decisions.
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